Once widespread, this species’ population has declined for decades. It feeds on nectar and relies on the vine Pararistolochia praevenos, found in lowland subtropical rainforests. The Birdwing’s larvae depend on this vine’s leaves for nutrition. Unfortunately, urban development, fire regimes, weed invasion, and farming have destroyed the vine. As a result, viable Birdwing populations no longer exist in the greater Brisbane region.
Work has been conducted by scientists and government agencies to re-establish the vine and the birdwing in Southeast Queensland. A mapping program identified key areas for re-establishing the vine, including the western section of the Moreton Region. A program to propagate the vine and conduct a Birdwing breeding program to provide genetic diversity has been ongoing for several years. The vine is available from designated nurseries, and landholders can plant them to support the Birdwing’s life cycle. Recent reports suggest that the program is successful, with increased sightings of the Birdwing.
You can find out more about the recovery program at the Richmond Birdwing Conservation Network through Wildlife Queensland, Brisbane.
Notes on the Richmond Birdwing
Males and females are coloured differently with the male characterised by green markings on its wings whilst the female is characterised by having white markings on its forewings and yellow markings on its hindwings. The female tends to be larger than the male as well.
The female lays a single egg or cluster up to 3 eggs (approximately 2 mm in diameters and yellow or brown in colour) on the underside of the host vine leaves. The larvae are cannibalistic and usually only one individual survives on the host vine. Females are relatively sedentary (limited to 30 km) so fragmented sites can lead to inbreeding and unviable offspring. Unfortunately, the female is also attracted to a weed species (Dutchman’s Pipe) where the leaves are poisonous to the larvae.
The recovery program involves propagating and planting the host vine in the corridor areas, but also involves the clearance of Dutchman’s Pipe, which is often grown in backyard gardens. It would be awesome if this stunning insect could be re-established in our local area and environs. A great example of an invertebrate icon species.
Further Reading
Braby MF. 2020. The Complete Field Guide to the Butterflies of Australia (2nd Edition). CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood.
Richmond birdwing butterfly | Environment, land and water | Queensland Government (www.qld.gov.au)